Background: Conservative treatment is recommended for the early stage of osteochondrosis of the humeral capitellum. However, the outcome of conservative treatment has not been well documented.
Hypothesis: Osteochondrosis of the humeral capitellum detected at an early stage responds well to conservative treatment.
Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.
Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 176 patients with osteochondrosis of the humeral capitellum. There were 134 lesions that were stage I (radiolucent area) in patients with a mean age of 11.5 years and 42 lesions that were stage II (nondisplaced fragments) in patients with a mean age of 13.9 years based on anteroposterior radiographs of the elbow in 45° of flexion. Conservative treatment was performed on 101 patients. The remaining 75 patients did not follow the authors’ advice. Conservative treatment consisted of discontinuation of heavy use of the elbow for at least 6 months. Follow-up radiographs were taken at 1-month intervals. At a mean follow-up of 24 months, all patients were evaluated clinically and radiographically.
Results: Conservative management produced healing in 90.5% of stage I lesions and 52.9% of stage II lesions. The mean period required for healing was 14.9 months in stage I and 12.3 months in stage II. Sixty-six of 84 (78.6%) stage I patients and 9 of 17 (52.9%) stage II patients returned to competitive-level baseball. Of the 75 patients who did not follow our advice, healing was observed in 17 (22.7%). The healing rate was higher for the 101 patients who followed our advice as opposed to the 75 patients who did not.
Conclusion: Osteochondrosis of the humeral capitellum can be successfully treated conservatively if treatment is begun in an early stage of the disease.